Unit 3, Module I
Warm-up
In this unit you will…
Read a magazine article, two Internet pages and a literature extract.
Talk about celebrations, give advice and send, accept and refuse invitations.
Listen to dialogues and radio programmes.
Write a description of a party.
Learn about the Passive.
Warm-up
1. Look at the photos. What are the people celebrating?
Key Words
graduation, a birthday, Christmas, passing and exam, a sporting victory, Mid-Autumn Festival, the New Year, a wedding, Halloween, Dragon Boat Festival
2. Listen. Which five celebrations do you hear?
Answers:1. Christmas 2. a sporting victory 3. a birthday 4. a wedding 5. the New Year
Tape scripts
1> What a lunch! I love turkey and Christmas pudding. We played with the toy laughed at jokes, put on silly paper hats and laughed again.
2> A: What an exciting game! Our team won at last!
B: Let’s go and have a drink to celebrate.
3> The boy is blowing the candles on the big cake, with everyone saying good wishes.
4> Look! The man is putting a ring on the woman’s finger. How happy they are!
5> …six… five… four… three… two… one… Happy New Year!
3. What have you celebrated recently? Tell the class what you did.
Example: We had a party at our house to celebrate my grandmother’s seventieth birthday.
4. Writing (Homework)
根据如下提示写一篇有关中秋节的作文。（字数120左右）
1. 中秋节是中国的传统节日。
2. 中秋节是团圆节，是家人团聚庆祝的节日。
3. 在中秋之夜，人们边吃月饼边赏月。
4. 月饼是中秋美食。（果仁的，豆沙的，大枣的……）
5. 每年一度的中秋节都会牵动着千万游子的心。
5. Words and expressions:
1. scholarship n. 奖学金 special sum of money to help a clever student go on studying
Fergus won a scholarship to Cambridge. 弗格斯获得了上剑桥大学的奖学金。
2. wedding n.[C] 婚礼；结婚 marriage; ceremony when a man and a woman marry
When does the wedding come off (=take place)? 什么时候举行婚礼？
We shall soon have a wedding in the family. 我们不久将在家里举行婚礼。
attend a wedding 参加婚礼
a fashionable wedding 时髦的婚礼
3. merry adj. 高兴的，欢乐的 happy, cheerful
I wish you a merry Christmas! 祝您圣诞节快乐！
Let us make merry! 让我们欢乐吧！
a merry laugh 一阵欢乐的笑声
childishly merry 孩子般地欢乐
mysteriously merry 神秘地欢乐
Lesson 1 Chinese Seasonal Festival
Teaching aims:
To use pictures to help understand new words
To read a text quickly to find specific information
To practise the Present Simple Passive, Present Continuous Passive, Past Simple Passive, Present Perfect Passive and Past Continuous Passive.
To practise spoken English
Teaching difficulties:
To read a text quickly to find specific information
To practise the Present Simple Passive, Present Continuous Passive, Past Simple Passive, Present Perfect Passive and Past Continuous Passive.
Teaching Aids: computer and cassette
Teaching procedures:
Ⅰ. Warming up
T: What’s your favorite season?
S:
T: What festivals happen during your favorite season?
S:
T: Today we will read three articles about Chinese Seasonal Festival, now guess what festivals they are?
S:
T: They are the Mid-Autumn Festival, the Lantern Festival and the Dragon Boat Festival. Before reading the text can you introduce these festivals in your own words?
S:
T: Ok, I’m glad that your spoken English has improved. You can describe these festivals’ character. Now let’s read the text you will learn more from them.
Ⅱ Reading
Read the text and do the exercise (according to these pictures say out the names of festivals)
Are you interested in these festivals?
Read the text quickly and which festival each sentence belongs to?
1. On that day, many people try their best to go home to share the feeling of ‘being together’ with families.
2. This festival marks the end of the Chinese New Year celebration.
3. This festival marks the beginning of the hottest season of the year.
4. The special food for this festival is sweet dumplings.
5. The festival falls on fifth day of the fifth month of the lunar calendar.
6. On that day, the moon is said to be biggest and brightest.
Answers:1. the Mid-Autumn Festival 2. the Lantern Festival 3. the Dragon Boat Festival 4. the Lantern Festival 5. the Dragon Boat Festival 6. the Mid-Autumn Festival
Ⅲ Talking and speaking
Divide the class into three groups. Each group reads one section of the text carefully and writes four or five questions about it. Then give the class three or four minutes to read the whole text again. Students close their books，in turn each group asks its questions for the rest of the class to answer.
Do the exercise 3
Encourage students to describe other festivals they know well but they can’t tell the name of the festival so that other students will be interested to guess what they are.
Ⅳ Voice your opinion
1. Do you think too much money is spent at festival times? Why or why not?
2. Which festival in China is most important for children? Young people? Old people? Women and men?
Ⅴgrammar
Show students the basic passive structure: be +past participate; be +being + participate
Compare a sentence of the active voice with one of the passive voice.
Do the exercise 5, 6, 7 and 8
Ⅵ Vocabulary Do the exercise 9
4. occasion n.[C] 机会；时机 a certain time, time when something happens
I’ll speak to him on the first occasion. 一有机会，我就告诉他。
He turned his back on the occasion of seeing the film. 他放弃了看电影的机会。
I have travelled in an aeroplane on three occasions. 我坐飞机旅行已经三次了。
n.[C] （重大的）时刻；场合；盛事 special time
A wedding is a big family occasion. 婚礼是家庭中的一件大事。
This was a great occasion, there were flags everywhere, the band was playing, and everybody was most excited.
这是一个盛大的场面，旗帜到处飘扬，鼓乐齐呜，人人都很兴奋。
I send you my best wishes on this happy occasion.
值此欢乐的日子，谨向您致以最良好的祝愿。
n.[C] 需要；理由 need
I will write and let you know if the occasion arises. 必要时我会写信告诉你的。
There is no occasion to refuse. 没有什么可以拒绝的理由。
There’s no occasion to be angry. 不必生气。
5. traditional adj. 传统的；老式的 based on or arising from traditon; old fashioned
tradition n. 传统；习惯 custom; what a group of people have always done
In Britain it is a tradition to give children chocolate eggs at Easter.
在英国复活节给孩子们吃巧克力蛋是一个传统。
The stories of Robin Hood are based mainly on traditions.
罗宾汉的故事主要是根据传说写成的。
a complete break with tradition 与传统的信仰彻底决裂
carry the revolutionary tradition forward 发扬革命传统
6. nowadays adv. 时下；现今 at the present time
There were no televisions when I was a child but nowadays most people have one.
我小时候还没有电视，而现今大多数人家都有一台。
7. include v. 包括；包含 to contain, to have something as part of the whole thing
The track events will include dashes, middle distance races, long distance races, etc.
竞赛项目包括短跑、中长跑等。
The price of the dictionary includes postage charges. 字典的价钱包括邮费在内。
The class of twenty includes seven girls. 全班二十人中包括有七个女生。
You’ll find the plan includes most of your suggestions.
你会发现计划里包含了你们的大部分建议。
8. lantern n. 灯笼；提灯
a glass case to protect a light from wind or rain; portable case with the light inside
the Feast of Lanterns 元宵节 like a lantern in the dark 如黑暗中的明灯
carry a lantern 提一个灯笼 to play a dragon lantern 闹龙灯
9. celebration n. 庆祝；庆祝会 an act or occasion of celebrating
The day deserves a celebration. 这个日子值得庆贺。
He spoke a lot at the celebration. 他在庆祝会上讲了许多话。
a birthday celebration 生日庆典
the centenary celebration 百周年庆祝会
a national celebration 全国性的庆祝会
National Day celebrations 国庆庆祝活动
an official celebration 正式的庆祝会
a public celebration 公众庆祝会
in celebration of this event 庆祝这一重要事件
a celebration in honour of ... 为…举行的庆祝会
arrange for a celebration 安排一次庆祝会
hold a celebration 举行庆祝会
join a celebration 参加庆祝会
celebrate vt. 庆祝 to do something to show that a day or event is important
On October lst we celebrate our National Day. 十月一日我们庆祝国庆。
The church bells ring to celebrate the wedding. 为庆祝婚礼教堂的钟都响了。
How did you celebrate May Day this year? 你们今年是怎样庆祝五一节的？
10. power n. 力量；力 strength, force, might
Practice has taught us that knowledge is power. 实践使我们认识到知识就是力量。
n. 能力 ability to do or act
Birds have the power to fly. 鸟能飞。
He did everything in his power to help me. 他尽力帮助了我。
n. 势力；权力 authority; right, influence
A policeman has the power to arrest a criminal. 警察有权逮捕罪犯。
n. （常为复数）强国 (often pl.) a nation with much influence in international affairs
The treaty was signed by five powers. 这个条约是由五个强国签订的。
n. 动力；机力 energy or force that can do work
This is a machine of great power. 这是一台大功率的机器。
A car needs a lot of power to go fast. 汽车要有很大的功率才能开得快。
11. darkness n.[U] 黑暗 where there is no light
I could not see the road properly because of the darkness. 因为太黑了，我看不清路。
Twenty four for day and night, some for darkness, some for light.
白昼、黑夜共有二十四小时，有时黑暗，有时明亮。
in complete darkness 完全黑暗
12. destroy vt. 破坏，摧毁 to break something completely
Fire destroyed the forest. 大火烧毁了森林。
All his hopes were destroyed. 他的希望都破灭了。
The city was destroyed during the war. 这座城市在战争中被摧毁了。
13. burn down 燃毁；烧塌 burn, or make a building burn, until it falls down
These houses were burnt down (to the ground) by the enemy.这些房屋（全）被敌人烧掉了。
burn vt. 烧毁 to hurt or destroy with fire or heat
He burnt all his old papers. 他把所有的旧文件都烧掉了。
The house was burnt to ashes. 房子烧成了灰烬。
vt. 烧伤；烫伤 hurt someone or something by fire or heat
The tea is very hot; don’t burn your mouth. 茶很热，别烫了嘴。
She burnt her fingers on the stove. 她被火炉烫伤了手。
vt. 烧煤；烧油；用蜡烛照明等 to burn coal, oil, candles, etc.
Oil is burnt in cars, trucks and buses. 小汽车、卡车和公共汽车用油做燃料。
vi. 燃烧；发光；着火 give out flames or light; be on fire
He had the fire burning day and night. 他让火日夜烧着。
Paper burns easily. 纸容易燃烧。
He burns with an ambition. 他野心勃勃。
vi. 烧；照明 use something to make light or heat
All the lights are burning. 所有灯都亮着。
n. 烧伤；灼伤；烫伤 a mark or injury caused by burning
He had three burns on his right arm. 他的右臂上有三处灼伤。
14. decorate vt. 装饰；装潢 put pretty things on something to make it look nice
The family decorate the Christmas tree with glass balls and lights.
全家人用玻璃球和小灯泡装饰圣诞树。
The street is decorated with red flags. 街上悬挂着红旗。
vt. 刷漆；用纸糊墙；布置 put paint or paper on to the walls of rooms
I decorated the room pink. 我把房间刷（糊）成粉红色。
vt. 授予某人殊荣（如奖章，勋位等） give sb. a mark of distinction (eg. a medal, an order)
A number of airmen were decorated for their merits. 一些飞行员因功荣获了勋章
decoration n. 装饰,装潢； 装饰品
interior decoration 室内装潢
Christmas decorations. 圣诞节装饰品。
She had on [was wearing] all her bridal decorations. 她穿戴着所有的新娘装饰品。
15. boil vi. 沸；开 to become hot and change from liquid to gas
When water boils, it changes into steam. 水沸腾时就变成蒸汽。
vi. 情绪激昂，汹涌 be excited by strong feelings; be agitated
He boiled with rage. 他勃然大怒。
vt. 煮；烧煮 cook something in very hot water
She boiled rice in the kitchen. 她在厨房里煮饭。
boil an egg 煮蛋
n. 沸；沸腾 the act or state of boiling
The water is on the boil. 水在沸腾中。
16. serve v. 为…服务；服役 to work for someone; do a duty
He served in the army for three years. 他服了三年的兵役。
Lenin considered that theory should serve practice. 列宁认为理论必须为实践服务。
The scientist served the country for 32 years. 这个科学家为国家服务了三十二年。
Soldiers serve their country. 军人为国家服务。
He served his country as a diplomat. 他以外交官的身份为国家服务。
v. （店员，服务员）招待；接待；招呼 to attend to
It’s the shop assistant's job to serve the customers. 为顾客服务是售货员的职责。
Can I serve you, madam? 太太，您要点儿什么？
I had to wait ten minutes in the shop before I was served.
在店里等了十分钟才有人来招待我。
v. 端上（饭菜） put (a meal) on the table
A waiter serves food in a restaurant. （饭馆）服务员在饭馆里端饭菜。
I shall serve lunch at 1 o’clock. 我一点给大家开午饭。
Serve the guests first. 先给客人盛菜（饭）。
First come, first served.
service n. 服务；贡献；帮忙；服侍；服务工作；招待；宗教仪式；礼拜
Ⅶ Homework
Do the exercise 10
Lesson 2 Parties
Teaching aims:
To practise listening for gist and for specific information
To practise using modals: must, should/shouldn’t, don’t, have to
To revise areas of vocabulary connected with food and drink
Teaching difficulties:
To practise using modals: must, should/shouldn’t, don’t, have to
Teaching Aids: computer and cassette
Teaching procedures:
Ⅰ. Warming up Do you like attending parties?
Ask the following questions to make students interested in the topic
When did you last go to a party?
What sort of party was it?
How many people were there?
What did they wear?
What time did it start/ finish?
What did people do?
Did they enjoy it?
On talking about the party we think of many words about it. Now look at these words, are you familiar with them? P. 38
Show the key words to match their Chinese meanings.
ⅡTalking and writing
Do the exercise 2 students complete the sentences. Check answers by having students read the sentences aloud
Ask students to write a short paragraph beginning “At our parties…”and describe what happens at their own family parties (e.g. birthday, Spring Festival parties). Students can read each other’s papers and discuss the similarities and differences between the parties.
Ⅲ Listening Do the exercise 3
In life there are always things worth celebrating such as: passing test, retiring, going to study abroad, getting a job with good salary and so on. Now let’s listen to four people’s speech, judge why each person is celebrating?
Students listen to the cassette twice and note down why each person is celebrating.
Listen again and try to retell what they said.
Tape script
Exercise 3:
1. Dave: I never thought I’d do it. I mean, I’ve had so many driving lessons, and as you know, I’ve failed twice. I feel just great! Today I drove my mum to the supermarket. And she says I can borrow the car this weekend.
2. Mike: I was very lucky to get it! There were twenty other people applying for the job! The salary is good but I’ll have to travel over forty miles to get to work every day.
3. Ewa: It’s a great opportunity—one year at one of the best schools in California. And the best thing is that my English will be excellent after one year in America.
4. Lisa: I’d just like to say how much I’ve enjoyed working with you all. It’s a sad time for me, but also a happy one. I’ve got plenty to do at home, all the things I never had time to do before. I want to take art classes and I can see more of my family, and, of course, I’ll come to see you from time to from. Thank you very much for this lovely watch, I’ll…
Do the exercise 4
When we attend a party we should follow social customs what do you think should we do in parties? ( students will give some answers )
In exercise 4 you will get some useful advice. Now read through the advice, trying to complete the sentences and predicting what the answers will be.
We will listen to about advice about how to behave in parties. (Play the cassette for students to check their answers.
Listen the cassette again and do the following exercise:
1. When you are invited to a party in the UK , you _________
A. needn’t take anything. B. do as you are in China
C. can take small gifts, such as a bottle of wine, or chocolates.
D. can’t take flowers except at wedding
2. Which of the following state is not true?
A. You should wear a tie at weddings. B. You’d better not take the car driven by a stranger.
C. You’d better arrive at the party earlier to help the host.
D. Teenagers may drink a little. Answers: 1. C 2.C
Ⅳ Speaking Do the exercise 5and 6
Suppose you have a foreign friend who receives an invitation to one of the following celebrations you will give him some advice. For example,
What to wear; What presents to take ; When to arrive
What to say; What not to do; When to leave
Do the exercise 7
Ask students to match the expressions with different situation.
Ⅴ Homework
According to the following request , write a composition.
9/5号（星期天）上午11点，举行一次迎新Barbecue活动，地点是mill‘s river park, 位于north Amherst，大约离学校10分钟车程，或者坐30路校车（在北村下），或31路校车（北村下一站），然后步行5~10分钟就可以到。
Barbecue活动内容：
1. 首选的当然是barbecue，欢迎所有的老生和新生，备有各种原料如烤牛排、火腿 鸡肉和各式调料，
2.有游戏，还有各种球类活动，足球，篮球，网球，飞盘等。
3.最重要的是，届时差不多每个系都有老生到场，可以向新
生传授各种经验，认识很多朋友。
( Words and Expressions )
17. reception n. 接受；收到 the act of receiving; the state of being received
Reception was good. 接收良好。
Her calm reception of the bad news surprised us. 她得知恶讯时之冷静使我们大为惊讶。
n. 蒙受 the manner of receiving
The delegation enjoyed a very friendly reception. 代表团受到非常友好的欢迎。
n. 欢迎会 the welcoming of persons as visitors; a party
They held a reception in honour of the foreign visitors. 他们为国外来访者举行了招待会。
18. retire v. 退职；退休；隐退 to give up one’s work or position
He retired at the age of fifty. 他五十岁时退休了。
a retired worker
19. salary n. 薪水；薪金 money that you receive every month for work
He accepted the position, but asked so small a salary. 他接受这一职位，但要的薪水很低。
My salary is ￥70 a month. 我的工资是每月七十元。
the high salary she got 她得到的高薪 to live on one’s salary 靠薪水过活
20. apply v. 适用 fit; suit
The rule does not apply in all cases. 这规则并非适用于所有情形。
v. 关连 relate
This does not apply to you. 这与你无关。
v. 申请 ask for
He applies to the consul for a visa. 他向领事申请签证。
I will apply for the job today. 今天我将申请那份工作。
v. 应用，引用 use; put into practice
We should apply theory to practice. 我们应当把理论运用到实践中去。
v. 专心 give wholly to; devote
He applied himself to his study. 他集中精力学习。
21. opportunity n. 机会；时机 chance, what will perhaps happen, time for you to do sth
I am glad to have this opportunity of speaking to you alone. 很高兴有机会和你单独谈谈。
I take this opportunity of thanking you. 我趁此机会感谢你们。
This may give me an opportunity to study abroad. 这可能给我出国学习的机会。
I was in a hurry this morning so I had no opportunity to read my letters.
我今天上午很匆忙，所以没有时间看信。
There is no opportunity for research. 没有研究的机会。
What opportunity did he take? 他抓住了什么机会？
education opportunities 受教育的机会
an employment opportunity 就业机会
a lost opportunity 失去的机会
a rare opportunity 难得的机会
have an opportunity of studying 有一次学习的机会
let slip an opportunity 错过机会
lose (=miss; waste) an opportunity 失去机会
make an opportunity of doing sth. 创造做某事的机会 seize an opportunity 抓住机会
22. depend (on) vi. 依靠，依赖 need someone or something
All living things depend on (upon) the sun for their growth. 万物生长都依靠太阳。
They shouldn’t depend on foreign countries for oil. 他们不应当依赖外国的石油。
vi. 信任；信赖 trust; rely on
I can depend on (upon) your being punctual. 我可以相信你会遵守时间的。
You may depend on me to help you. 你放心，我会帮助你的。
Yon may depend on it that they will support you. 你相信好了，他们会支持你的。
He is a man to be depended on. 他是个靠得住的人。
vi. 视…而定；有赖于 be a result of; be connected with
Whether we go or not depends on the weather. 我们去不去要看天气而定。
I want to leave early but it depends. 我想早早离开，但那要看情况才能定。
23.congratulate vt. 祝贺
to speak (to a person) with praise for a happy event or for being successful
My father congratulated me on passing the exam. 我父亲祝贺我通过了考试。
We congratulate you on the birth of your daughter. 祝贺你们生了个女儿。
They congratulated him on his seventieth birthday. 他们祝贺他的七十寿辰。
congratulate sb. very heartily 衷心地祝贺某人
be sincerely congratulated 到诚挚的祝贺
congratulations （pl.）祝贺语 an expression of joy for someone’s success, luck, etc.
Congratulations on your new job! 祝贺你有了新工作！
Congratulations! I hear you’ve passed examinations. 祝贺你！听说你考试及格了。
He’s received many letters in congratulation of his birthday. 他收到许多祝贺生日的信件。
most respectful congratulation 充满敬意的祝贺
sincere congratulations 诚挚的祝贺
warmest congratulations 最热烈的祝贺
congratulations by telegraph (mail; telephone) 以电报（信件；电话）祝贺
deserve congratulation 应当受到祝贺
offer one’s congratulations to sb. 向某人表示祝贺
send congratulations to him 向他致贺
24. bunch vt.vi.合在一起使成一束、一串或一群 gather together into a bunch or into folds
He bunched everything into the drawers. 他把什么东西都往抽屉里塞。
We bunched up the newspapers. 我们把这些报纸捆了。
n. 串；簇；束；（俚）一群 a bunch of flowers / a bunch of grapes / a bunch of keys
Lesson 3 Weddings
Teaching aims:
To read a text for new information about weddings
To practise using modals: have to/ not have to , can/ can’t , ought to / ought not to
To discuss the customs about wedding in China
Teaching difficulties:
To practise using modals: have to/ not have to , can/ can’t , ought to / ought not to
Teaching Aids: computer and cassette
Teaching procedures:
Ⅰ. Warming up
Ask the following questions about weddings to lead into the topic.
Have you ever been to a wedding party?
Who was getting married?
How many people were there?
What time did it start/finish?
What did they wear?
What did people do?
Did you have a wonderful time?
Present the vow at the wedding to arouse students’ interest of talking about the weddings and have a deeper understanding about wedding in western countries.
Do you know the meaning of the vow?
从今天开始，无论顺境、逆境；无论贫穷还是富有；无论健康还是疾病，都不能将我们分开，直到生命的最后一天。
To have and to hold from this day forward, for better, for worse, for richer, for poorer, in sickness and in health, to love and to cherish, till death do us part.
II. Learning the new words Do the exercise 2
Present the word matching / Match the new words with the definitions
Ⅲ Reading
Wedding customs are different in different countries. Now we will read two articles : Weddings in Indonesia and Greek weddings，try to remember what to do and what not to do.
Enjoy the pictures about Indonesian Wedding
1. Present a chart showing what to do and what not to do during the wedding
What to do:
I can go without an invitation.
I can attend the reception after the ceremony.
I ought to put money into the box at the entrance of the reception.
What not to do:
You oughtn’t to go to the ceremony without asking first.
You don’t have to contribute a lot of money.
You can’t drink alcohol at the wedding reception.
Indonesian women don’t have to cover their heads.
Enjoy the pictures about Greek Weddings
Before the wedding ceremony
The bridegroom has to ask the bride’s father for his daughter’s hand in marriage.
During the wedding ceremony
The best man should help put crowns made of flowers on the heads of the couple.
A long silk ribbon that links the crowns is a symbol of a long and happy life for the couple.
After the wedding ceremony
The guests can attend a wedding reception.
Guests can throw dishes on the floor and put money on the bride’s wedding dress for good luck.
The party can last through the night.
Do the exercise3 : true or false
Ⅳ Language points
25. entrance n.[C] 入口，进口，门 way into a place
Where is the entrance to this building? 这所房屋的入口在哪里？
At the front entrance of the building I saw my teacher. 我们大楼的正门看到了我的老师。
n.[U] 入场，进入（权） right to go into a place
He was refused entrance to the country because he did not have a passport.
因为他没有护照所以不让他进入这个国家。
n.[U] 上大学，入会 becoming a member of a university or a club, etc.
They’ve passed the entrance examination for Nanjing Teachers’ College.
他们通过了南京师范学院的入学考试。
After the college entrance examination in 1980, he enrolled himself in Beijing University.
1980年高考后，他进了北京大学。
26. invite vt. 邀请；招待 ask someone to come somewhere, or to do something
I invited him to my house. 我请他到我家去。
We invited some foreign friends to the show. 我们邀请了一些外国朋友来观看表演。
We invited him for a cocktail party. 我们邀请他出席鸡尾酒会。
Most of the people invited to the reception were old friends.
vt. 鼓励；引诱 encourage eg. an inviting dish
The cool water of the lake invited us to swim. 清凉的湖水使我们想游泳。
invitation n. 邀请 the act of inviting
Judith sent me an invitation to her party. 朱迪思给我送来请帖，要我去参加她的聚会。
I received an invitation to her birthday party. 我收到了她生日宴会的请帖。
accept an invitation 接受邀请 decline an invitation 谢绝邀请
give sb. an invitation 邀请某人 recall invitations 取消招待
refuse one’s invitation 拒绝某人的邀请 send out invitations to a dinner 发出宴会请帖
27. even if 即使，纵然 (though) in spite of the fact that
Even if it rained heavily, we still marched on. 即使大雨倾盆，我们还是继续前进。
Even if you are a good highjumper, you jump no more than three metres.
即使你是个优秀的跳高运动员你也跳不过三米。
We shall go, even if it rains. 就是下雨，我们也要去。
Even if you know the secret you should keep silent.即使你知道这秘密，你也应保持沉默。
28. ceremony n.[C] 典礼；仪式 special programme at an important happening
the ceremony of conferring graduation certificates 毕业证书授予仪式
The school leaving ceremony is at 3:00. 毕业典礼于三点举行。
n.[U] 礼节；礼貌 behaviour Don’t stand on ceremony. 不必拘礼。
29. attend v. 出席；参加 to go to (a meeting, etc.);to be present at
Who attended the meeting? 谁出席了会议？
He attended at a meeting yesterday. 他昨日参加了会议。
They attended the church. 他们去教堂了。
Our teacher suggested that he attend a technical school. 我们的老师建议他去上技校。
v. 注意听；倾听 to listen carefully (to something)
Please attend when I am talking. 我讲话的时候请注意听。
If you don’t attend, you won’t understand. 假若你不注意，你不会明白。
v. 照顾；护理；侍候 care for, or serve, someone or something
Who will attend on the orphans? 谁来照顾这孤儿？
Which doctor attended him ? 哪位大夫给他看病的？
She attended to the wounded day and night. 她日夜护理伤员。
A good nurse attends to her patients. 一个好护士精心照顾好病人。
Two ladies attended the little princess. 两个女人侍候小公主。
The queen was attended by two ladies. 皇后由两个女人服侍。
30. ought to aux. 应该；应当 should, must (showing that it is your duty to do sth.)
As a Party member, you ought to give the lead. 作为党员，你应当带头。
This work ought to be done at once. 这项工作应当马上就做。
We ought to be hearing from them soon, then.
这么说，我们大概不久就可以接到他们的信了。
You ought to have told me you were coming. 你该告诉我你要来才是。
There ought to be something wrong with the bus. 这辆公共汽车一定出毛病了。
You ought not to do it. 你不应该做这事。
Ought he to start now? Yes ,he ought. 他现在该动身了吗？该动身了。
They ought to go now, oughtn’t they? 他们现在该走了，对吗？
close family 近亲 close friend亲密的朋友 Sit close against the wall. 紧靠墙坐着
close 势均力敌的；几乎相等的 a close game一场不相上下的比赛
31. contribute vt. 贡献出；捐赠 give a part of something, often help or money
Everyone is called on to contribute ideas. 要人人出主意，想办法。
Everyone contributed food for the picnic. 人人都为野餐贡献了些食物。
The Song Dynasty contributed three great inventions to world civilization.
宋朝有三大文明对世界文明做出了贡献。
He contributed a large sum to the hospital. 他对这个医院捐助了一笔巨款。
contribute money for some work 为某项工作捐钱
vi. 捐助 (contribute to) give to (a common fund ,etc.)
He offered to contribute to the Red Cross. 他主动提出向红十字会捐款。
contribute effectively to the commercial growth of the country.
有效地促进国家的商业的发展
contribute richly to these fields of thought 对这些思想领域贡献很大
contribute to a better understanding between the two countries 增进两国间更好的谅解
contribute to the good of the society 对社会福利作贡献
contribute towards his success 有助于他的成功
contribution n. 捐助；贡献；促成 the act of contributing
We made a contribution to the disaster area. 我们捐助灾区。
n. 捐款；捐赠的物品 money, help, etc.
We gave a contribution of clothing to the Red Cross. 我们向红十字捐赠了一些衣服。
He sent his hat round to collect contributions. 他向人募集捐款。
contribute (oneself) to sth.
make contribution to sth/sb
(1) 捐献、捐赠；捐（钱）
He contributed a lot of food and clothes to the poor. 他为穷人捐了很多的食品和衣服。
(2) 投身于，献身于… He contributed himself to doing research. 他投身于研究工作。
(3) 投稿，撰稿 He contributed poem to a newspaper. 他向报社投了一篇诗稿。
(4) 贡献 He made great contribution to the country. 他为国家做出了巨大贡献
32. link n. （锁链中的一个）链环 one of the rings in a chain
The links of the dog’s chain are small. 拴狗的铁环是小的。
n. 联系；纽带 something that holds things or people together
the link Verb 连系动词
Letters are a link with friends who live far away. 书信是同住在外地的朋友的一种联系。
the key link 中心环节；关键
v. 连接；联结 join one thing to another thing
The friends linked hands. 朋友们手拉着手。
We must link theory with practice. 我们必须理论联系实际。
v. 用某物把两个东西连在一起 join two things by putting something between them
A bridge links the two banks of the river. 桥把河两岸连接起来。
Where do they link up? 它们在哪儿连结？
The two railway lines link up at the station. 两条铁路线在这个车站接轨。
Ⅴ Grammar Do the exercise 4 / Do the exercise 5 / Do the exercise 6
Ⅵ Vocabulary Do the exercise 7 and 8
Ⅶ Language in Use Do the exercise 9
Discuss our school rules in groups, by using the modals: have to / not have to , can/can’t , should/ shouldn’t.
Ⅷ Homework: Write eight sentences giving advice to a foreigner who is going to a wedding in your town /city.
Lesson 4 Christmas
Objectives
To read a narrative text and understand the story.
To build up an area of vocabulary associated with Christmas.
To develop reading strategies to answer multiple-choice questions.
To practise collocations with have, do and play.
To talk about childhood memories.
Pre-Reading
Find the Key Words in the pictures.
Which of the things do you think western people have at Christmas?
Key Words : balloons, Christmas carols, Christmas pudding, Christmas tree, snow, snowmen, Christmas stockings, presents
Reading
☆ Read the text. Which Key Words are mentioned? Circle them out. Which other Christmas things are mentioned? Make a list.
Answers:
Father Christmas calendar Christmas cards Christmas lights
carol service Christmas tree decorations balloons stockings
presents sweets turkey Christmas pudding
paper hats Queen’s speech Christmas cake
☆ What’s the main idea of each paragraph?
Para. 1 the beginning of Christmas
Para. 2 decorations outside
Para. 3 activities on Christmas Eve
Para. 4 activities on Christmas morning
Para.5 activities after lunch
Post- Reading
☆ In what order did the children do these things? Answers: 1 d 2 a 3c 4e 5b 6f 7g
a) open the new year calendar
b) put their stockings at the end of the bed
c) sing Christmas carols
d) write a letter to Father Christmas
e) put up the Christmas tree
f) go to church
g) have Christmas cake
☆ Answer the multiple-choice questions. Answers: 1b 2a 3b 4c 5c
1 Who do you think reads the children’s letters?
a) Father Christmas b) their parents c) nobody
2 What do you think people do in a carol service?
a) sing songs b) give presents c) watch a play
3 What happened on Christmas Eve?
a) The writer stayed awake all night. b) Someone put presents in his stocking.
c) The writer saw Father Christmas.
4 Why did they laugh?
a) The Christmas carols were happy songs. b) The songs and hats were funny.
c) The jokes and hats were funny.
5 After lunch: a) the adults watched the Queen’s speech.
b).the children made a snowman. c) everybody had more to eat.
Vocabulary ☆ Complete the sentences with these verbs in the correct form.
blow up, sing, go to, put up, have(x2), make, put on
On Christmas Eve, my grandparents arrived. We(1) a snowman in the garden and later we (2) the decoration. I (3) lots of balloons. On Christmas morning, I (4) some warm clothes and (5) a snowball fight with my cousins and then we(6) church. After that, we(7) lunch and (8) Christmas carols.
Answers: 1 made 2 put up 3 blew up 4 put on 5 had 6 went to 7 had 8 sang
Writing and Speaking
Make notes about your childhood memories of an important festival.
People: family? Good friends?
Preparations: decorations? Invitations?
Presents: what? Who for? Make/buy?
Food: meals? Special food/drink?
Activities: music? Dancing? A long walk?
Your feelings: happy? Sad?
33. put up 升起；举起 hoist, raise
Put your hands up. 举起你的手。
建造；搭起；装置 build; erect; install
They put up a new house here. 他们在这里盖了一栋新房子。
供给…（膳）宿；得到（膳）宿 provide lodging (and food )for; obtain lodging (and food)
We put up at a hotel that night. 那天夜里我们住在一家旅店里。
Since it’s late, we’ll put you up for the night. 因为太晚，我们请你今晚就住在这里。
进行（殴斗、抵抗、斗争等） offer (a fight, resistance, a struggle, etc.)
It is necessary to put up a fight against waste. 有必要开展一次反浪费斗争。
They are putting up a good fight. 他们正在奋勇地战斗。
v put up 树起，张贴，举起，建立
v E.g.他公布了这次考试成绩．
v He put up the exam results.
v E.g. 盖楼房；架篱笆；修纪念碑；搭帐篷
v put up a building / fence/memorial / tent
v E.g. 张贴通知 / 海报
v put up a notice/ a poster
v put up with sb./ sth. 容忍，忍受
v E.g. 我再也不能容忍他们抽烟了。
v I’m not going to put up with their smoking any longer.
34. swallow vt. 吞；咽 take (food or drink) into the stomach through the throat
In hot weather he swallows much water. 天热时他喝很多水。
vt. 吞没；吞噬 (swallow up ) cause to disappear; take in completely
The waves swallowed up the boat. 浪涛吞噬船只。
n. 吞；咽 the act of swallowing
Take the medicine at one swallow. 一口把药吞下。
take a swallow of water 吞一口水
n. 燕子 a small swift flying bird with a deeply forked tail
One swallow does not make a summer. 一燕不成夏。
35. as well also
If you have no pen, a pencil will do as well. 如果你没有钢笔，铅笔也行。
It is just as well to be careful. 还是小心一点好。
I’ll take this one as well. 这一个我也要。
Yvonne is learning French and English as well. 伊冯在学法语，也在学英语。
36. mess n.[C] 混乱，脏乱 many things, all in the wrong place, untidy and dirty
After the party there was a terrible mess in the room. 聚会完了，房间里乱得一塌糊涂。
Look what a mess you have made of your dress playing in that dirt.
看你在脏地方玩把衣服弄得那么脏。
be in a mess 处于混乱之中
clean (=sweep) up the mess 清除脏物
entangle in (=get into) a mess 陷入困境
vt. 弄脏，弄乱 make a mess of, make dirty
Don’t mess the books. 不要弄乱了书。
vi. 弄脏，弄乱，弄糟 make a mess of; put into disorder or confusion
Late arrival of the train messed up all our plans. 火车误点，把我们的计划的全弄糟了。
I have messed about all day, and the result is nothing. 我整天瞎忙，却毫无结果。
You’ll never finish this job if you mess about. 你这么瞎弄，这件事永远也完不了。
Stop messing about! 别瞎忙了。
mess something up 搞乱，弄糟
The pilots’ strike messed up our holiday. 飞行员的罢工打乱了我们的假日活动。
37. production n.[U] 生产；制造 making things
The factory has made more cars this year--there has been an increase in production.
工厂今年制造了更多的汽车——产量增加了。
n. 产品；产物 anything that is produced or made
Some good production can be seen on television. 在电视上能看到某些好产品。
Grammar : the Passive Voice
1. 被动语态的构成形式
1) 按时间分类
|
现在范畴
|
一般现在时
|
am/is/are made
|
|
现在进行时
|
am/is/are being made
|
|
现在完成时
|
has/have been made
|
|
过去范畴
|
一般过去时
|
was/were made
|
|
过去进行时
|
was/were being made
|
|
过去完成时
|
had been made
|
|
将来范畴
|
一般将来时
|
shall/will be made
|
|
将来完成时
|
shall/will have been made
|
|
过去将来时
|
should/would be made
|
|
过去将来完成时
|
should/would have been made
|
2）按形态分类
Basic structure: be done
The tenses are reflected in the forms of the verb “be”.
一般时态Simple tenses: be (is/am/are/was/were) done
e.g. Two new stores were opened this year.
进行时态Continuous tenses: be (is/am/are/was/were) being done
e.g. The school is still being built.
完成时态Perfect tenses: have (has/had) been done
e.g. The room has been cleaned.
情态动词Modal verbs: Modal verb (can/must/may/will/shall…) + be done
e.g. What can be done ?
We won’t be beaten.
动词不定式Infinitives: to be done
e.g. He wanted to be forgiven.
She hopes to be remembered as a great actress forever.
*Passive infinitives used as attribute talk about something that will happen in the future.
e.g. She is a woman married to a rich man. (She is already married.)
She is a woman to be married to a rich man. (She is going to be married.)
The wine sold today is cheap; while the wine to be sold tomorrow will be very expensive.
2. The uses of the passive.
1) 动作的发出者不必说出，不宜说出或没有具体的所指．
e.g.会议已被推迟． The meeting has been put off.
e.g.这种书是为中学生写的．Such books are written for middle students.
e.g.据说警方将调查此事．It is said that the police will look into the matter.
e.g.这个问题正在会上讨论．The question is being discussed at the meeting.
2). 所描述的意义以动作的承受者为中心，如有必要可用by短语引出动作的执行者．
e.g.汽车受到严重损坏．The car was seriously damaged.
e.g.她受到我们所有人的喜爱．She is liked by all of us.
e.g. My neighbour’s son damaged my roses.(强调是“谁”毁坏了玫瑰)
My roses are damaged.（强调玫瑰“被毁坏”这一动作）
3).带有直接宾语和间接宾语的句子变被动语态有两种形式．
His teacher gave him a book.
A book was given to him by his teacher.
He was given a book by his teacher.
4).含有复合宾语的句子的被动语态．
He painted the table green.
The table was painted green.
We asked the teacher to explain the sentence again.
The teacher was asked to explain the sentence again.
5).含有被动意义的主动语态．
She is to blame.
The house is to rent.
Food can keep fresh in a fridge.
The pen writes smoothly.
The knife cuts well.
The house was worth decorating.
The cloth feels soft.
The cake tastes good.
Key to the exercises
v An award of bravery is being made.
v She was being shown around New York at 10 yesterday morning.
v I have been asked to talk about how the company started up at the conference.
v It is said that she is one of the greatest living writers.
She is said to be one of the greatest living writers.
v It was believed by the police that the escaped prisoner was somewhere around the prison.
The escaped prisoner was believed to be somewhere around the prison.
v The roofs of many houses have been blown off by strong winds in the area.
v A press conference will be held tomorrow afternoon.
v The new library will be opened to the public soon.
v The bus driver was being questioned by the policeman when I turned on the TV this afternoon.
v The movie is being translated into several foreign languages at present.
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